Here’s the final part to Netia Mayman’s presentation from Instil. Enjoy!

“How young people develop

I wish, as a newly qualified teacher I had understood that the girl constantly looking behind her was hypervigilant; that a boy’s apparent lack of remorse, cruelty to others and failure to take responsibility of his actions was a symptom of disrupted attachment; that another child’s tendency to collapse into passivity and silence when challenged was their overstimulated sympathetic nervous system going into overdrive no dumb insolence. As a parent I would have loved to have known that my teenager’s risk averse behaviour was a result of her limbic region developing ahead of her prefrontal cortex. Such an understanding might also have helped me to practice ahimsa more consistently in my work in schools.

With the need to become accountable for vulnerable groups (an example of how the discipline of data is not, in itself a bad thing) and political pressure by the Children’s Commissioner, the study of attachment theory and child development became mandatory in teacher training. Attachment theory is wholly enlightening if you want to understand how the self comes into being in relationship to the rest of the world. If you aren’t familiar with the basic precepts I recommend ‘Attachment in the Classroom,’ by Heather Geddes.

Our understanding of neuroscience has transformed in the last two decades. I don’t want to repeat material in chapter 3 of Charlotta’s excellent book, or in Daniel J Siegel’s ‘Brainstorm’ which is required reading for the Teenyoga course.

Rather, I’ll give you an example of how lack of knowledge may lead to government policy hitting the target, but completely missing the point.

In the nineties, development of performance measures with the introduction of Key Stage 3 SATs in English, maths and science revealed a concern about the performance of 14 year olds. Why was progress so slow compared with Key Stage 4? What was wrong with teaching? What was wrong with the curriculum? Was there a problem with the way transition to secondary school was managed? A national strategy was developed and introduced into every LA. I led this for my county and had a huge budget to send consultants into underperforming schools and to roll out training for all teachers in hotels with rather nice lunches.

The idea that learning was a magical mystery tour disappeared and the need to share intended outcomes highlighted. For the first time there was a name for ‘What I am going to teach next’, ‘What we are going to learn’ and ‘What have we learned’ and the really ground-breaking work on assessment for learning done by Kings College became nationally owned.

The project included experimenting with reducing the time taken to teach the KS3 national curriculum, introducing more literacy and numeracy, for those who needed to ‘catch up’.

There were unexpected outcomes. Teaching in KS3 was now judged by Ofsted to be better than that in KS4 so it become the Secondary Strategy, not the KS3 strategy.

There was an annual national scandal when test papers were re-marked. The assessment workforce were hard-pressed classroom teachers who understandably weren’t at their best in May on top of a year’s full-time teaching. Quietly the tests were scrapped and progress was measured from KS2 SATs, resulting in increased stress on already anxious 11 year olds. So much for several godzillions of public money and so much for the KS3 strategy. Everyone had looked at whether the teachers were teaching well and whether the curriculum was right.

Now arrive in 2018 and the publication of ‘Inventing Ourselves: the secret life of the teenage brain,’ by Sarah Jane Blakemore. It turns out that there is a decline in cognitive and social performance (I am hugely oversimplifying the research, do read chapter 7 of the book) in 11-14 year olds (KS3) because of brain function. My point is that everyone was looking at the schools and not at the children. Some schools met their targets but perhaps the whole strategy evoked Confucius, ‘When a wise man points to the moon, the imbecile looks at the finger.’ I wonder what would have been done with the money if the children themselves had been the focus.

Adolescence is a time much studied producing many revisions, myths and false beliefs. As Daniel J Seigel points out, ’Unfortunately, what others believe about us can shape how we see ourselves and how we behave.’ As yoga teachers we need to show schools that we are really well informed about the debates about child and adolescent development.

Young People under pressure

Good research usually raises more questions than it answers. So far it shows that young people may be under more pressure than previously, and that the adolescent brain is particularly susceptible to stress. If you want to follow research, have a regular look at the Cochran library www.cochranelibrary.com and of course www.yoga4classrooms.com/supporting-research which will provide you with regular updates on peer-reviewed research, including on the impact of yoga and mindfulness.

The poor physical health of our increasingly inactive children who are now the most obese in Europe must be significantly impacting on their mental health.

Many of the pressures on young people have become received wisdom (also known as myths and misconceptions) particularly with regard to social media. The use of new media forms has historically led to a series of moral panics and the cause of increased stress is still not fully understood, probably because there is no single cause.

Nevertheless, according to the Care Quality Commission, the number of children visiting A&E for mental health treatment has more than doubled since 2010. Many services are failing to meet NHS guidelines for an out-of-hours crisis service. The leader of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, has said the system is unable to meet the demand: “I have colleagues working all over the country who are… doing excellent work, the trouble is… we’re not meeting the need so in that sense it’s not fit for purpose.”

Child mental health referrals have increased by 26% in five years.

Changes in education policy and austerity may be significant contributors to the crisis in child mental health, if there is one.

Cuts in intervention services have resulted in a lack of upstream intervention with families, which would previously have headed off early problems means that matters reach a crisis point before hitting the Children and Adolescent Mental Health Services, CAMHs, waiting list in greater numbers than ever before.

Pressure on schools for results has been acknowledged by Speilman as a factor in children, usually the most vulnerable, missing out on education. I’ve experienced directly the strategies schools have used to ‘off-roll’ or exclude ‘difficult’ students; often a cynical lack of response to communications to arrange admission meetings for children whose behaviour may be unwelcome. The rise in exclusions and proportions of children not accessing education has been enabled as schools, independent of local authorities (academisation) have less accountability to each other and to the LA, in admitting those who needed second and third chances.

Nevertheless, a rise in CAMHS referrals may also result from schools’ greater awareness and accountability for mental health issues. There are push-pull factors. Schools can no longer access free services for behaviour and and psychology. They may therefore have become more informed and resourceful. Many secondary schools in my county have an on-site counsellor, all have a full-time school nurse and the regular presence of a CAMHs worker, training in mental health first aid is being increasingly rolled out to school staff. Here is a poster about MHFA England’s 10 keys to happier living that is on the back of every staff toilet in an enlightened school where I teach adolescents yoga for 2 hours every week. Please be sure that some of the mental health provision in my county I have described above has come from the health authority. This is a post-code lottery and many counties will not have it. There is no extra money in schools for mental health. Any jam, promised for tomorrow should be ignored in the current political climate.

Young Minds (young minds.org.uk) tells us that 91% of teachers would welcome greater recognition of the work that teachers do to support the wellbeing of their students and 82% believe that the focus on exams has become disproportionate to the overall well-being of their students. Is this new school awareness a result of austerity, social media, excessive screen use and exam pressure? Are the greater number of children on CAMHs waiting lists also, therefore, partly a result of schools understanding what mental illness, as opposed to difficult behaviour, looks like? Sorry this is all questions and no answers. Be clear though, although some hospital trusts may expect more CAMHs funding and some health authorities are supplying schools with increased services, there is currently no new money in schools for mental health.

Young people are increasingly more sensible than in Socrates time?

Meanwhile there is the phenomenon of ‘Generation Sensible’ or ‘The Young Fogey’

• Those aged under 25 are a third more likely to be teetotal now than in 2005
• A quarter of young people do not drink at all
• Illegal drug use among the under-25s has also fallen by more than a quarter since 2004
• The number of nightclubs has almost halved since 2005
• Teenage pregnancy is at its lowest since records began in England and Wales in 1969
• The number of crimes committed by under-18s in England and Wales has fallen by 70% since 2005, to a new record low, according to the Office of National Statistics

These sensible young people, not lost in a haze alcohol, drugs, trance music and more able to control their own fertility, are acutely aware of their role in society and their future responsibilities. This in itself is a huge pressure. The neuroscience shows that this is a period of enormous diversity. Adolescents are very, very different from each other.

Second guessing the pressures and opportunities. What can we do?

Government is not unaware or unresponsive to the pressures on young people. The steps being taken to understand Child Sexual Exploitation, County Lines operations, consult on a mandatory Sex and Relationships curriculum, begin to introduce mental health leaders in all schools, and promises of more funding to CAMHs demonstrate this. However, it may be the awareness that goes with the sound of the stable door banging open and hooves clattering across the yard.

Change seems to happen slowly and in a strangely recursive way. Amanda Spielman’s speech about the new Ofsted framework on 11 October states clearly ‘our inspections have looked hardest at outcomes, placing too much weight on test and exam results when we consider the overall effectiveness of schools’ and that this has ‘increased the pressure on school leaders, teachers and indirectly on pupils to deliver perfect data above all else.’ A pity she didn’t see one of my teenage yoga classes just before half term, to strengthen her arm. Half way through the lesson all but two students had chosen a restorative posture over standing poses. At the end one of them said, very seriously, ‘Please could we have a whole lesson where we just rest’ and as a result I am going to include yoga nidra in their curriculum and have agreed this with the school.

However only 3 months before Spielman’s speech, the BBC published advice by her predecessor, ‘School open days: eight things to look for’, I found one reference to ‘the whole child approach’ and 6 to either ‘progress’, ‘outcomes’, ‘attainment’, ‘achieving’, ‘underachieving’. He may be yesterday’s Chief HMI but it takes a long time to change a culture so embedded.

I wish I could tell you more about the new framework for new inspections. It will be consulted on, do look out for it on the Ofsted website so that you can contribute before it is finalised. There is also a letter on the Young Minds website you can send to Ofsted. The significant changes in the framework will be to move away from what to how. There may be longer spent by inspectors in schools and certainly much greater focus on the curriculum: not just what is taught but how. There will be no separate judgement on attainment and progress. The 4 new judgements will be on

• Effectiveness of leadership and management
• Quality of teaching, learning and assessment
• Personal development, behaviour and welfare
• Outcomes for children and learners

A word about the curriculum. It is a myth that schools are highly restricted by the national curriculum, in what they teach and hence the fact that the average timetable is not much different to one of 100 years ago. Only local authority schools, now a minority of secondary schools have to follow the national curriculum. It has been the pressure to get a good inspection grade for academic outcomes that has caused the reduction in delivery of arts and other non EBAC subjects.

It’s impossible to know if the wholesale removal of a separate judgement on outcomes (ie academic data) will really make a difference. Spielman was clear that these will still be important. We are a country of consensus. In the absence of any driving statement about what educational values should really be, the proof of the delicate, political balancing-act of the new framework pudding, will be in the eating.

The key focus for yoga teachers (as with the previous framework) would be the personal development, welfare and behaviour judgement which will have 2 areas:

1. Behaviour and discipline, and 2. ‘pupils wider personal development and their opportunities to grow as active, healthy and engaged citizens’. Yoga continues to be an important option for inactive students who are PE avoiders. However, few cash-strapped schools are going to pay a yoga teacher when they have a PE dept. There is, however, a real opportunity to argue for the way in which yoga and mindfulness help students to have a metaknowledge of their own health.

Any inspection I have ever conducted has had a clear eye to school culture. It doesn’t matter whether the school has adopted a strategy of respect lessons in SRE, a no detention policy or the 10 keys to happier living, the issue is whether everyone is implementing what has been agreed and whether the children have learned anything from it that they can make their own.

Student welfare is always reflected in how the staff feel. When completed by a school, staff surveys for inspection, clearly demonstrate, from contracted cleaners to the headteacher, whether adults feel valued and invested in and if they are working in a climate without fear. If this is the case for the staff then they will be conducting their duties in a way informed by ahimsa…, by compassion. It is really worth offering a staff yoga class after a period 5 one for students. You can suggest that the school initially subsidises this, that staff have 2 or three free lessons and then start to pay once they have felt the benefits. It is always better value for schools to have more than one yoga lesson back to back

We as yoga teachers, need to show that we explicitly teach students about the scientific benefits of asana and pranayama; that yoga is a highly systematic practice that pre-dates modern science, but that contemporary evidence of its efficacy is available. It is a discipline, requiring as much tapas as the will to organised one’s homework and bring the right equipment to school. It creates the habits that make destiny. I’d suggest that you make the research easily available to schools. They probably won’t look at it, but will know it’s there.

We need to be clear that learning yoga can provide lifelong benefits in managing the energies and the mind, and really practical strategies for combating stress. Anyone that you are speaking to in a school needs to know that a really good yoga teacher, whilst promoting curriculum yoga has humility and wishes to wipe off their own fingerprints. A key tenet of yoga is combating the ego: we see a real sign of our success as our students applying the benefits of yoga without us… or by inspiring a PE teacher is inspired by to spend a precious school holiday doing the Teenyoga course, very likely paying for themselves. It’s important to stress that we can work with whatever structures they use within the PE, PSHE or other aspects of the curriculum and to ask about what it is they want to achieve by commissioning yoga.

A few very practical aspects of approaching schools

Know the school

Get to know it in advance through their website. Read areas like ‘Our values’ and the last inspection report. Read recent newsletters to get a sense of what seems important to the school and what it celebrates. Show that you have researched it and want to contribute… just like getting any other job. Look at their curriculum booklets and find out which subjects look most closely related to yoga. Ask the school what their priorities are and what problems they want to solve.

If you are contacting a primary school (year 6 is a popular one for yoga because anxieties about SATs and transition to secondary) show that you know about the School Sport and PE premium https://www.gov.uk/guidance/pe-and-sport-premium-for-primary-schools and that yoga is a recognised and approved use of this.

Get to the right person

Find out who has influence and whose work can benefit from meeting with you. I was privileged to often have a key colleague who I could ring for advice about this. However, I’ve also done well looking on the website or ringing the headteacher’s PA to ask for advice or the receptionist to find who is responsible for student welfare, staff well-being, PSHE, extra curricula studies and PE. Teachers are usually teaching. Good times to ring are 12.30-1.30 (especially primary schools) and 3.00-3.30. Do leave messages for people to ring you back, but don’t be surprised when they don’t.

The school business manager controls the budget, does not teach and is on the end of the phone, get advice from them too.

Teachers are inundated with emails but still have pigeon holes. If you can afford it, make a nice poster and put it in an envelope addressed to a specific member of staff.

This talk may have sometimes sounded wry, impatient or even cynical. Santosa, contentment and acceptance, is a nyama I struggle with. However, the most important thing we can do as yoga teachers is to be informed about both young people and schools, adhere to our own practice and model both tapas and ahisma. Samadhi, is not something we should look for in Ofsted, but an aspiration we can all work towards in our lives, our teaching and our work with colleagues in schools.”

Welcome back! Here’s part 2 of Netia Mayman’s presentation from Instil. 

Make sure you’ve read part 1 before continuing…

“Understanding where we have come from helps us to know where we are. In order to explore the question I listed the sustained changes (not the ones cancelled wholesale with changes of government) that have taken place since 1982, the year I gained qualified teacher status down the road at The Institute of Education. Apologies to delegates from other parts of the UK, but this really is just England. There really are differences across the UK between Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales… I only have 45 mins.

These are legislative actions which have consistently come to underpin the way schools operate. They have been characterised by increasingly wholesale, more rapid and less consultative implementation.

• Introduction of teacher appraisal eventually tied to pay
• Establishment of inspection increasingly linked to implementation of government policy
• School policies must be available and published (believe it or not my first school had nary a one)
• National curriculum for subjects (pace academies and free schools, more about you later)
• Legal establishment of school day (yes, there really had been no law for this until the Great Education Reform Act of 1988)
• Minimisation of the role of local authorities and increasingly wide differentiation in types of school
• Increased attention to safeguarding in all respects, including aspects of pupil behaviour like bullying, attitudes to race and disability. Victoria Climbie in memorium. Services working together to protect children… kind of. Sadly, since the national vow to make sure that no child ever died because professionals did not talk to each other, as in Victoria’s death, there have been many more cases.
• Testing, testing, testing with a move from teacher assessment to examinations.
• League tables. Publication of results of individual schools.
• Measuring inequality leading to exposure of the underperformance of ‘indigenous’ working-class pupils and those with SEND
• Balkanisation of teacher training and significant fluctuations in the supply of teachers, usually linked to the strength of the economy. Recruitment rises when there are few alternatives to teaching… but there are other significant factors.

I then recalled a conversation with a tearful trainee teacher last week. She had come to staff yoga tell me she was too stressed to participate. She couldn’t understand the latest data trawl and had to work instead of coming to class. She said she felt like the cat that had been kicked at the end of a long chain of accountability, starting with the headteacher’s need to keep the school ‘Outstanding.’

Evidence from the National Foundation for Educational Research, the teaching unions and other bodies suggests:

The overall number of secondary teachers is falling fast, pushing the average pupil-teacher ratio from 14.9 in 2011 to 16.0 in 2017

The government has missed its teacher recruitment targets for 5 years in a row

Increasingly large numbers of working age teacher are leaving. Despite a smaller proportion retiring, the leaving rate is climbing significantly.

Long working hours, rapidly implemented government changes and pupil behaviour continue to be key contributory factors to teachers leaving the profession after 2 years.

Teachers are happy with their pay, and frequently take less well-paid jobs when they leave. Of the three professions of nursing, policing and teaching, teachers have the lowest rate of satisfaction with their amount of free time and the longest working hours (50 pw in term time.)

This made me explore common features of times when I had felt particularly effective and happy in my own work as a teacher. These were those when I had felt trusted and appreciated by those to whom I was accountable. This didn’t mean that I was left to do what I liked, quite the reverse. Rather, the leader inspired me by an example of kindness, discrimination and deep knowledge of what I was doing, not how it looked on an excel spreadsheet. It would not be an exaggeration to say that these leaders emitted an aura of compassion and enlightenment.

Data, money and off-rolling

Data about individual outcomes can drive who is actually on-roll as a student. It also drives finance as schools are funded per pupil. There can be perverse incentives leading to the cynical removal of students from schools.

This is what real terms spending cuts have been since 2010:

20% fall in spending on each 6^th former

8% fall in 16-18 spending in further education

88% of schools real terms spending cuts since 2015

Loss of £178,321 per year to secondary schools overall

Loss of £52,546 per year to primary schools overall

Let’s not forget though, that the average Primary and Sport Premium per school £16,000 since 2016. This money is ring-fenced and Sport England guidance is that yoga is a highly appropriate target for this funding.

Meanwhile, Ofsted found that more that 19,000 pupils who were in year 10 in 2016 had vanished from the school roll by the start of year 11 and GCSEs. In 2016/17 40 secondary students per day were permanently excluded, compared to 35 a day in the previous year. Students presenting with challenging behaviour consume a disproportionate amount of resource and negatively influence exam outcomes.

Data in itself is neither good nor bad, hostile or compassionate. All knowledge is power. It’s just a question of what use the knower puts the knowledge to… and humility about what we don’t know and need to find out.

Meanwhile, revisiting the sustained changes, I STILL couldn’t see an underlying thread to shed light on the issue of enlightenment. The question of the knower, the knowable and of knowledge. What were the values in it all? Where, if anywhere, was the Samadhi?

Comparisons are always helpful in clarifying thinking. I wondered would happen if I took something objective, like the PISA tests and compared England’s sustained changes with those of Finland, the top performing country in the PISA tests. We can all argue about the basis for these triennial international measures of the skills and knowledge of 15 year olds, started in 2001. There’s a compelling account for giving them attention in Lucy Crehan’s, ‘Cleverlands’. Finland started a very slow and steady programme of education reform in 1972 which resulted in it coming top in reading, third in scientific literacy and 4^th in maths literacy in 2001, and staying consistently at the top in subsequent collections.

I recognise that there are challenges in comparing a country with a very small population to ours, but what is so striking about Finland’s PISA scores is the level of consistency of performance across schools, unmatched by any other country.

In the list of sustained change in Finland, I have excluded the crucial common key features of all top performing countries: paying teachers well, giving them high status and provision of access to high quality CPD. It felt more important to compare our changes with less obvious ones:

• Shortest schools day and year in Europe and late start to ‘formal education’ at 7. Universal, play-based early years provision.
• No appraisal, abolished inspection 1990s, key role of LAs and high local autonomy
• No nationally published testing except for evaluation of national system-effectiveness, sample-based.
• Grades on basic ed cert age 18-19 given by teachers, moderated by a national board.
• National curriculum adjusted locally. Vocation curriculum embedded and linked to local industries. A significant role for Local Authorities.
• Few private and no segregated schools except for carefully assessed SEND.

I realised that the key word binding together the English changes was accountability, or rather COERCION and for Finland, TRUST. How would these translate in to the yoga ethical precepts, the yamas and nyamas? These precepts are there to help us control the instinctive mind.

I’ll pick out two, with bearing on trust and coercion, based on Swami Satchidananda’s wonderfully contemporary explanation of the sutras. He makes constant referral to world systems of morality including Buddism, Christianity, Islam and Hinduism. Taken together, these belief systems are perhaps ‘Universal values.’

Ahimsa – non violence, non-injury, COMPASSION. Satchindananda writes, ‘When the vow of ahimsa is established in someone, all enmity ceases in his or her presence because that person emits harmonious vibrations.’ Is it melodramatic of me to suggest that the situation in our schools is informed by hostility? Could we say that educational leadership emits harmonious vibrations? Is there is a lack of trust and a climate of fear in schools? If so, what can we as yoga teachers do about it?

Tapas – austerity and discipline. We all know how difficult it can sometimes be to get on the mat or meditation cushion. Our own practice, is in many ways a microcosm of our struggle to give a framework to our lives. Discipline is a central to what we can give our learners, whether it be to practice yoga at home, or organise their bag for the next day’s learning. Gandhi gave us a wonderful understanding of this. Our habits enact our values:

Your beliefs become your thoughts,
Your thoughts become your words,
Your words become your actions,
Your actions become your habits,
Your habits become your values,
Your values become your destiny.

Institutions and society need rules, routines and structures and processes; without them there is no ‘democracy, individual liberty, the rule of law or tolerance of individual belief systems.’ Habits of thinking start early in life and interact with the way the nervous system develops. The good news is that the parasympathetic nervous system is highly teachable. Are the values underlying the standard operating procedures of schools coercive, or do the values work because everyone understands and consents to them?

Now to turn to the question of

What young people are like in 2018?

Bad behaviour is not the first issue cited in teachers leaving the profession, but it’s a regular feature.

The children now love luxury; they have bad manners, contempt for authority; they show disrespect for elders and love chatter in place of exercise. Children are now tyrants, not the servants of their households. They no longer rise when elders enter the room. They contradict their parents, chatter before company, gobble up dainties at the table, cross their legs, and tyrannize their teachers.

Is this the railing of a conservative politician, an infuriated parent of a teenager or an exhausted head of year 8? No, as many of you may know, it’s Socrates.

I’m going to suggest that:

• We now understand much more about how young humans develop and can positively implement this knowledge.
• That young people in the UK may be under more pressure than any generation since those who like my late father, walked through the gates of Maidstone barracks to fight for his country aged 17 in 1944.
• That young people in the UK are increasing responsible and potentially committed to looking after their own well-being.”

The last part of this interesting presentation is going to be released next Tuesday – make sure you check back then!

Netia Prema Mayman spoke at our recent Instil conference. She has kindly given us her presentation to share. We will break it into sections so you can absorb the most important parts in bits. Be sure to check back every week for the full presentation. Here is the start of it:

“The presentation will cover:

What schools are like in England in 2018, what VALUES may inform this and how we may have arrived at this point.

I’ll go on to look at what children themselves may actually be like.

I’m conscious of the fact that most of you are yoga teachers, and all people who believe powerfully in what yoga can offer young people. I won’t set out to prove what you already know. However, we can explore together the perspective that yoga offers us in schools and how we can, practically, communicate this to the schools we work with or in.

What are schools in England like in 2018 and what values underpin this?

Amanda Spielman, chief inspector of schools, announced in Birmingham in September 2017, ‘British values are not universal values.’ She said ‘Good education takes people on a journey of enlightenment’. I got excited about this and wondered what the Ofsted version of ‘Samadhi’ roughly translated as enlightenment, might look like. First I checked out ‘The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali’. Samadhi is the eighth limb of Raja Yoga (one of the 4 paths of yoga) and really the outcome of the preceding 7 limbs, ‘Just as the naturally pure crystal assumes shapes and colours of objects placed near it, so the yogi’s mind… becomes clear and balanced and attains the state devoid of differentiation between knower, knowable and knowledge. This culmination of meditation is Samadhi.’

I got more excited. The knower, the knowable and knowledge seemed pretty much central to what schools deal with. This feels a bit different to Ofsted’s stated British Values of ‘democracy, individual liberty, the rule of law and tolerance of different belief systems’. Most schools have explicit written values over their own, but need to show also that they are teaching ‘British’ ones. A headteacher told me last week that she had no problem integrating British Values in her curriculum model, simply a problem with them being called ‘British’.

I wondered what ‘universal values’ might look like in Amanda’s next big speech. What might be recommended to lie beneath the actions, beliefs, utterances and moments of enlightenment of school staff and students.

So…I scanned her North East Summit speech in October this year, announcing a new inspection framework, for the word values. If you can find it please let me know… it seems that after only a year, she had decided that attending to universal values was not in her job description.

In the absence of a Chief HMI slamming down the tablets of stone, let’s explore how values may be implicit in English schools…”

We will be releasing the second part of this presentation next week. Join us then.

The last lot of tips for teaching yoga in schools…

Tip Number 7:

Sometimes persisting with the pranayama practice can work like magic. It might be worth using some cues to positively reinforce the behaviour you are pleased with as soon as you hear some students begin to chat ‘All we want to hear is the sound of our breathing… excellent year 8… this practice is a challenge for many of the adults I work with, you are doing really well’.

Tip Number 8:

Where you see examples of really great effort, (or someone who demonstrates the sankalpa really well), if you have chance, you could write their names on the board to acknowledge that you’ve seen their good practice

Tip Number 9:

It’s a good idea to have the sankalpa (intention) written on the board and the questions written on the board to support students with a visual reference during their class.

Thank you to Fay Crowther from Ark Teacher Training for these tips!

Welcome back for more tips on how to teach yoga in schools. Read on for more…

Tip number 4:

A good technique to use is to bring people back together just as their conversation peaks, so that they know that they have to discuss the question straight away, otherwise they might not get chance. You could use a countdown ‘coming back together and being ready to share your answers in 3…. Sitting down and facing this way in 2…. Showing focus until the end of the singing bowl…1 (and then ring the bowl)’ ‘All I can hear is the bowl… what wonderful focus year 8, that’s excellent practice…’

Tip number 5:

The sun salutations are a great way for children to get rid of some of their energy but be careful as sometimes children will have so much energy that it will raise the energy in the room too! If you find that the children are over-excited after the sun salutations, try moving on to holding poses for longer. This seems to support them to have more focus and attention.

Tip number 6:

Where students are not on task and it is affecting the concentration of others, try standing next to them initially and modelling exactly what you expect them to be doing- it can help their minds to get back on track.

More tips to follow tomorrow…

“Thank you for inviting me to speak. I base my contribution today on 15 years of continued interaction with the diverse community of people involved in yoga in schools across the UK, which includes school leaders, teachers, counsellors and yoga teachers.

Last week I was about to teach yoga to my year 7 and 8, they were messing about on the mats. A stern-faced woman enters the room – says “What’s going on here?” I invite her to join us for our yoga class, she says “I’m not really dressed for it – but tell me more”. I explain that the school has chosen yoga as their whole school wellbeing initiative –she pauses, her face changes as she looks at the mats and looks back at me and says – “what an absolutely wonderful idea.This is what we are looking for.” As she walks out through the door I ask who she is and she turns around to say “I am a school inspector”.

She is not the only one who thinks this way. Increasingly, yoga is catching on in those schools that have realised that they have to address mental health issues themselves and prevent the crisis from happening.

There are a wide range of issues that face young people linked to Mental Health such as:

Stress

Anxiety

Depression

Obesity

Bullying

Behavioural issues

Sleep deprivation

Addiction

And many many more…

The research shows that all of these are addressed by yoga.

The most recent research led by Westminster University indicates an interesting new aspect which links yoga to increased resilience.

Apart from research, there is also an enormous amount of experiential evidence from yoga in schools. Here is one example:

This is a letter from the Pupil Referral Unit in Milton Keynes. A 14 year old girl who has been absent from regular school for many years.

“Since you have been teaching yoga at the Bridge I feel like I have more control out of my life and that I can do anything I put my mind to (eg breathing work and relaxing and stuff) I feel like its gonna be a lot easier. If someone asked me a year or two ago would you ever think you would be doing yoga and in school full time, I would have laughed in their face!”

Imagine if more young people had access to these embodied practitioners before they were moved to the PRU which costs £13000 per year per pupil?

There are three important elements to consider when discussing the role of yoga in schools.

Firstly, up to 2015, yoga was increasingly used as a preventative measure (26% of schools accessed yoga), however due to redirection of Sport England funding, yoga is not as easily available in as many Secondary and Tertiary environments anymore.

Secondly, the increasingly stressful environment that teachers and pupils are facing (testing, lack of trust from leadership – 1 in 3 NQTs leave profession in 3 years!!!)

These first two actually LEAD TO MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES which takes us to the third point:

1. the on average 30% cut in CAMHS funding over the last 3 years, means that schools are left to deal with something that they are ill-equipped to manage.

HOW DO WE AVOID THIS?

The vision we have in this vertical is for yoga to be readily available in each school to reduce the incidences of mental health issues and improve young people’s wellbeing. We see this as involving important cost savings for the NHS, the education system and other areas such as social services.

In order to achieve this, we need your support in three principle areas; curriculum, research and joining the dots between education and the healthcare system.

The First, Yoga in the Curriculum, PSHE, PGCE and SEN

• The logical place for yoga in schools is within the PSHE (initial exploration of this is already taking place)
• Yoga is extremely beneficial in the Special Needs context and it would be valuable for SENCOs to have yoga on their list of recommended therapies

For maximum impact and consolidation:

There is a need to be offering yoga as part of the Teacher Training curriculum to support future wellbeing for teachers and students – so directive from government that this is a simple and impactful intervention affording long lasting change.

Secondly, research:

There are plans to implement two large scale research projects, one of which focuses on the ways in which yoga can reduce mental health issues in schools in which the aim is to be partially funded by the NIHR and the other is a longitudinal project aimed to explore how yoga can improve outcomes and reduce costs in a wide variety of ways, academic and other, within schools. And this would be funded by a social impact bond. In both cases, the scale of the endeavour requires an extensive range of support and we request your help in making contact with appropriate stakeholders and decision makers in funding bodies, governmental institutions and the corporate world to support these projects.

The vision for yoga in schools requires joined up thinking. It is vital to develop richer links between those funding health related interventions and school funders. In the current climate in some areas, CCGs are funding yoga for young people. It would be valuable to have conversations with different regional CCGs and NHS England, as well as other organisations, in order to raise awareness and develop policy of the potential impact of funding yoga in schools.

I am sure that the right honourable gentlemen and ladies have particular insights on how government might help to support the propagation of yoga in schools and would welcome any and all insights.”

Many young people are preparing for exams now – whether it is end of year, GCSEs, A Levels, or Uni exams. Yoga is well known to combat stress. In one study we did together with the CBeebies, cortisol (the stress hormone in the body) dropped by 30% at the end of the class, but more interestingly, the whole class started with a 20% lower cortisol rate than the control groups. This means that week on week, your stress is reducing and the benefits are cumulative.

1 – when we stretch our body, we are indicating to our brain that we are relaxed as a stressed body is a tense body.

2 – when we breathe deeply, we activate the baroreceptors in our lungs which tell the body to relax

3 – when we turn ourselves upside down, the heart gets to relax as it no longer needs to pull the blood back up from the bottom of the body

4 – we focus on one thing, the breath or a mantra, in order to train the brain to be strong and not wander or ruminate, which is the basis of so much anxiety. To be able to focus, brings success in any field.

5 – Philosophically – we distinguish between what is real and what is unreal. We look at our lives and we see it in a philosophical perspective, where we are no longer at the centre, but just someone who is learning lessons, whatever they are – this brings us into a more detached mode of thinking.

So when you get home, lie down and pop your legs up the wall and breathe deeply. Make sure your outbreath is longer than your in breath for about 15 to 20 minutes and you will soon feel a difference.

Good Luck!

As I was training a group of secondary school teachers, psychologists, social workers and psychiatrists last week to share yoga and mindfulness with teens, it became more apparent than ever that poor mental health of our young adults is not showing any signs of abating. As the group shared the reasons for coming on the course, many mentioned how the young people seemed disconnected from themselves.  The psychologists used the term disembodied.

Many young people, they felt, were disconnected from their bodies, viewing their own bodies as objects, to be controlled or punished with food or exercise, but not to be listened to or respected. Many live their lives as it were, outside themselves, viewed through the lens of the Instagram or snapchat conversation.

Our bodies are wise temples of information, prompts and intuition, our bodies never lie. When we practise yoga, we get in touch with our bodies and we feel into pleasure, as well as aches and pains, to discover and listen to underlying emotions.

When we ignore messages from the depths of our bodies, we are more likely to live in our minds – our minds were never meant to be our masters, they are the servants of our intuition, our knowing. But when the mind runs riot, it plays havoc with our lives and we end up out of balance.

We concluded on the last day of the course that we need to bring young people back in touch with their own bodies, so they might be less likely to fall foul of the vagaries of shifting mood states, emotions and destructive thought patterns that can lead to anxiety and depression.

We need to connect the body with the mind and recognise a third, even wiser dimension, which can guide us towards a more fulfilling life, some call it the soul or the spirit. Yoga opens us up to this possibility.